Quality in Construction
Quality in construction is defined as ‘meeting or exceeding
the requirement of client/owners. In construction industry, quality is used in
different every than the product industry. In the product industry, quality of
some product is better than the other, but we can not say that one grade of
concrete. Quality in construction is employed with conformity with which
specifications are met.
Designer specifies the grade of concrete to be used and
contractor has to use the in gradients of concrete such that desired grade of
concrete is obtained.
Quality in construction is related to satisfying the specification mentioned in the contract completing the project time.Fulfilling the owner’s requirement within budget Avoiding disputes claims and
Ensuring the faculties performs its intended purpose.We use certain product in the construction industry such as
tiles, brick. Quality of these products can be partially related with the
general connotation of quality. Other aspect in quality has slightly different
meaning at various stages of life cycle of product such as at design stage
or construction stage.
Quality schemes involve economic studies of selection of
types of material and methods to be included in design , ensuring that this
design is in accordance with all applicable codes and regulation and
controlling the construction on the project to be sure that the work is
performed according to the standards specified in the contract documents .
Method to be adopted may vary from the automated documented through computer to
statistical quality control in the field.
Quality assurance is referred as a scheme adopted by a
construction company to maintain the standard or quality consistent. It is
primarily an internal management system of a construction company. Generally a
company maintains a quality assurance chart by specify various checks at
different levels as well as constantly improving its attributes. A quality
assurance program may include
Arranging periodical training for its worker a good safety Programme a sound procurement system to get best quality material and
suppliers A reward scheme for innovative work and competitive career
progress scheme If a company is involved in repetitive work, then
implementations of statistical control of the process. Such as in concreting,
regular sampling scheme control the production of concrete. Similarly in
asphalt work , regular satisfied quality control is carried out.
Quality management
Quality control is that the periodic review to confirm that the created facilities meet the quality laid out in the contract. it's sometimes carried by team of homeowners engineers or its morning. As as an example, during a high method project, engineers certify compaction of soil is dispensed properly by measure its density; workability of concrete is checked by using slump take a look at etc. or checking compressive strength of concrete at periodical level.
Quality control is that the periodic review to confirm that the created facilities meet the quality laid out in the contract. it's sometimes carried by team of homeowners engineers or its morning. As as an example, during a high method project, engineers certify compaction of soil is dispensed properly by measure its density; workability of concrete is checked by using slump take a look at etc. or checking compressive strength of concrete at periodical level.
Quality assurance is sweet management theme whereas internal control is AN review or sampling method.Government works is usually dispensed mistreatment lowest bid system.
In lowest bid system, top
quality work dispensed by
contractor doesn't play a
serious role rather value quoted
by them is a vital criteria.
The procedure for choice of contractor affects the standard management within the construction. Low bid system hardly provides any incentive to top quality work dispensed by the contractor. Government organizations extremely their onerous to boost the low bid system.
Quality control includes
Setting up specific normal for construction
Checking the deviation from the quality
Taking action to correct or minimise the variation
Improvement of the quality.
Quality Standardisation
ISO 9000 standards fix the quality for quality. ISO stands for alinement for standardization. This organization based in Schweiz in 1947. Similar standards for Indian context square measure IS 14000 – 04.
ISO 9000 series customary of ordinary of normal square measure quality assurance standard that assures consumer that the organization having obtained the certification works per mere demand.
It stands for system standardization and certification. stress is given to shaping and birth down the procedure, method etc within the sort of documents.
ISO is vital as a result of it offers associate internationally recognized systematic approach, plus institutionalization of the institutes, policies, procedures, record keeping, technologies and resources for managing quality work.
Basic principles advocated by ISO square measure –
Elements of Quality
ISO 9000 standards fix the quality for quality. ISO stands for alinement for standardization. This organization based in Schweiz in 1947. Similar standards for Indian context square measure IS 14000 – 04.
ISO 9000 series customary of ordinary of normal square measure quality assurance standard that assures consumer that the organization having obtained the certification works per mere demand.
It stands for system standardization and certification. stress is given to shaping and birth down the procedure, method etc within the sort of documents.
ISO is vital as a result of it offers associate internationally recognized systematic approach, plus institutionalization of the institutes, policies, procedures, record keeping, technologies and resources for managing quality work.
Basic principles advocated by ISO square measure –
The basic part of quality in construction is
- Quality characteristics
- Quality of style
- Quality of agreement
Quality of design :- It refers to the standard with that the planning is administered. It primarily associated with meeting the need of the quality, functionally economical system and economical reparable system.
Quality of conformance :- it's cited the degree to that the made facility conformed the planning and specification. Quality of agreement is affected by-field construction methodology ,Inspection
Economics of Quality
of style
Quality of style is usually evaluated supported social science of quality. There are a unit 2 aspects of social science of quality style value addition of quality cost of quality With the rise of quality of style, dost increase is exponential however price addition at the start will increase, however starts
saturating at of some purpose. thence the optimum value is arrived once slope of each the curves is same.
The social science of quality correspondence is shown within the figure. One will note that with the rise of quality of construction, value of internal control gets saturated. therefore we are able to attain optimum quality for minimum value from total value of the development.
IS Code provision for internal control of concrete IS 456 provides the schemes for internal control and quality assurance of concrete, we've reproduced
the clauses –
Clause 10.1 Quality Assurance Measures
Clause 10.1.1 so as that the properties of the finished structure be per the wants and therefore the assumptions created throughout {the planning the style the look} and therefore the design, adequate quality assurance measures shall be taken. the development ought to end in satisfactory strength, us ableness and future sturdiness thus on lower the life-cycle value. Quality assurance in construction activity relates to correct style, use of adequate materials and parts to be equipped by the producers, correct accomplishment within the execution of works by the contractor and ultimately correct care throughout the employment of structure together with timely maintenance and repair by the owner.
Clause 10.1.2 Quality assurance measures are each technical
and structure. Some common cases ought to be per a general Quality Assurance arrange that shall establish the
key parts necessary to supply fitness of the
structure and therefore the suggests that by that they're to be provided and measured with the general purpose to supply confidence that
the completed project can work satisfactorily in commission fulfilling meant desires. the duty of internal
control and quality assurance would
involve quality audit of each the inputs additionally because
the outputs. Inputs are within the style of materials for concrete; craftsmanship altogether stages of batching, mixing, transportation, placing,
compaction and curing; and
therefore the connected plant, machinery and equipments ; leading to the output within the style of concrete in situ. to make sure correct performance, it's necessary that every step in concreting, which is able to be coated, by consequent step
is inspected because the work take
15 SAMPLING AND STRENGTH OF DESIGNED CONCRETE COMBINE
15.1 General
Samples from contemporary concrete shall be taken as per IS 1199 and cubes shall be created, cured and tested at twenty eight days in accordance with IS 516.
15.1.1 so as to induce a comparatively faster plan of the standard of concrete, optional tests on beams for modulus of rupture at seventy two + two h or at seven days, or compressive strength take a look Ats at seven days is also meted out additionally to twenty-eight days compressive strength test.
For this purpose the values ought to be received supported actual testing. altogether cases, the twenty eight days compressive strength per Table two shall alone be the criterion for acceptance or rejection of the concrete.
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